In November 2001, the world's trade ministers promised to place the needs of developing countries 'at the heart' of the forthcoming 'Doha Round' of WTO negotiations. This is a significant advance in the quest for a more development-focussed system of international trade rules. However, many challenges have yet to be met if the political promise is to be made good and the objective of a 'development round' achieved. Complex and difficult negotiations are in prospect, not least in respect of trade in agriculture and services, and the regulation of competition, investment and procurement policies. This paper reviews these challenges, and suggests ways in which the development objectives in the Doha Declaration can be built into the negotiating process.