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OPM recently prepared the second Independent Monitoring of the Implementation of the Hanoi Core Statement at Sectoral and Sub-National Level in Vietnam. In September 2005, Vietnam and its donors made a series of joint commitments to improving aid effectiveness in Vietnam, set out in the Hanoi Core Statement. The Hanoi Core Statement establishes joint targets in the areas of ownership, alignment, harmonisation, managing for results and mutual accountability to be achieved by 2010. One of the commitments in the Hanoi Core Statement is for an independent monitoring of progress against these commitments to support mutual accountability and lesson learning. The first round of independent monitoring was carried out in 2007. In 2008, a Terms of Reference for the second round of independent monitoring was developed, with a focus on the implementation of the Hanoi Core Statement at the sectoral and sub-national levels. Two provinces and three sectors (agriculture and rural development, HIV and transport) were selected. The key questions asked were: how far have the Government of Vietnam and donors come with implementing the Hanoi Core Statement at the sectoral and sub-national level? What are the lessons learned and challenges still faced? The report was presented and discussed at the Consultative Group meeting and the Partnership Group on Aid Effectiveness meeting in December 2008.